Problem Based Learning

Teaching and Learning Strategies

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Problem based learning (PBL) is a teaching strategy that involves group problem solving with real-life situations (case or scenario) that stimulates critical thinking. True PBL learning also is a process of discovery in that students learn concepts/content by working through the activity – in other words the content is self-taught by the group. PBL is always done as small group work, and occurs over more than one class session. Introductory information is briefly presented describing the situation but the problem is not readily defined. It is up to the learners within a group to identify key issues, and determine what additional information is needed. Through the process of discussion and discovery, the group arrives at solutions to the problem.

Example of Problem Based Learning (Video)

In order to view the example below, you will need Windows Media Player installed on your computer and speakers or headphones for your computer. See Information on downloading and using Windows Media Player.

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Developing and Implementing Problem Based Learning

To begin a PBL session, students are divided into several small groups (groups of 5 is ideal) and presented with a problem.

  1. Students in groups first discuss the problem and brainstorm as to what the key concepts are in the problem.

  2. Group identifies a) what is known, and b) what is not known. Based on this, student groups develop a list of learning issues and divide among members within the group to research for the next class.

  3. In subsequent classes, group members share information on what they have discovered about their assigned topic to help shed light on the problem, and to fill in the “what is known” and “what is not known”. In some PBL activities, the instructor adds new information along to the way.

  4. The group writes the problem definition and identifies causes of the problem, and finally identifies solutions to the problem.

  5. In closure, the instructor leads a discussion about the process and the conclusions reached.

Advantage

Disadvantage

  • Stimulates discovery learning and critical thinking

  • Active learning process

  • PBL is motivational for students (once accustomed to the method)

  • Learning to teach by PBL and preparation of learning materials is time intensive

  • Students may be initially unhappy with strategy; they may feel they are doing all the work, and expect that role from the instructor

  • Instructors often anxious about not covering “content”